Frederick b



I o .point.

' To all whom it may concern.-

, duced become very imperfect. .able for the best stencil-printing workshould UNITED STATES PATENT OIn IcE FREDERICK n; oANoDE, oF CHICAGO,ILLIN'oIs, AssIeNoE TO THEA'. E.

' DICKCOMPANY, OF SAME PLAGE.

" INK.

SPEGIFIGATIONforming-part of Letters Patent No, 617,315, dated January10, 1899.

Application filed May 17,1898. Serial No. 680,922. (No specimens.)

Be it known that I, FREDERICK B. CANODE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Ohicago, inthe county of Cook and, State of Illi- 5 nois,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Inks, of which thefollowing is a specification. A v

My invention relates to an improved ink for'use' with type-writing orautographio sten-,

Io oil-printing machines, and my improved ink is particularly adaptedfor use with those varieties of such stencil-printing machines whereinthe ink is protected from exposure to the air and wherein an inking-padis employed by which the ink will be properly and evenly distributedupon the stencil-sheet, so that when the latter is engaged with the workan impression will be produced by the foreing of the ink from the padthrough the fig -\zo ures, letters, or other characters formed in thestencil-sheet by removing the wax coating therefrom, but withoutafiecting the highlyporous or veil-like body thereof.

- In order that the best results may be obtained in stencil-printingwork, the wax coating of the stencil-sheet should be relatively soft--that is to say, ,it should be formed of a mineral, animal, or vegetablewax or wax-like material having a relatively low melting- I find thatthe inks which are at present employed on the market for, this work tendto afiect the wax coating, and particularly when such coating isrelatively soft, so as to produce a roughened or irregular ap- 5pearance on the edges of the letters or other characters, and in a shorttime the copies pro- An ink suittherefore be absolutely neutral to thestencil- 40 sheet, so that it will-not in any way afiect the appearanceof the work. An ink adapted expressly for use with stencil-printingmachines of the type referred to should be capable of flowing withsufl'icient rapidity through the pad as to accommodate the numberof'copies being made, andwhile the ink should be capable of distributingitself evenly throughout the entire surface of the pad it should yet besufiicien-tly viscous as not to flow through the openings in thestencil-sheet, except when the'stencil-sheet is impressedwith thedesired pressure upon the work. A perfect ink for this purpose shouldalso be capable of drying very rapidly, so that the work when finishedwill retain a clear-cut appearance without danger of smearing. lherequirements of practice also demand that a suitable ink for the purposeshould have no tendency to run or spread after having been applied tothe sheets of paper, and also that the ink should be practicallyhomogeneous, so that there can in use be no settling or separation intolayers of the various ingred-ientsthereof.

Finally, in some instances it is desirable that -an ink should beproducedrhatving all "the characteristics above referred to and at thesame time capable of allowing press-copies to vbe made in the usual way.

I have invented an improved ink which is absolutely neutral tostencil-sheets having wax coatings which are relatively soft, which inkis of such a consistency that in a stencilprinting machine of the typereferred to it will-distribute itself evenly throughout the pad without,however, percolating through the perforations in the stencil-sheet, butallowing for an impression to be made through such perforations when thedesired pressure is applied, which ink .will be absolutelyhomogeneou-sfin its composition and will not separate into layers orinto its respective ingre dients even when allowed tostand for very longperiods of time, which ink will almost instantly dryafter having beenimprinted upon the impression-paper, which will have no tendency to runor spread, and which can be made so as to allow press-copies to beproduced.

, In carrying out my invention I first pro duce a suitable relativelysoft pure soap (preferably that known to the trade as German green soapand now used principally for surgical purposes) which will contain nofree alkali and which is absolutely neutral to stenoil-sheets having waxor wax-like coatings, even when the wax or wax-like material is of -arelatively low fusing-point. This soap I dissolve in asuitable carryingmaterial, such as glucose or glycerin, and to the heavy or paste-likesolution thus produced I add a suitable proportion of coloring-matter orpigment,

which coloringmatter or pigmentis prefer- I ICO ably soluble both inwater and oil, and hence will be soluble in the mixture of soap andglycerin or glucose which has been obtained. The'resulting mass may bethen reduced to the required consistency by the addition of a sufficientquantity of water, and the resulting material will be a homogeneousquick-drying (in some instances copying) ink of the required consistencyneutral to all stencilsheets and capable of effective use in the type ofstencil-printing machines to which I have referred, but also suitablefor use in other stencil-printing machines and for such other work asmay be found in practice to which it is capable of being applied.

In making my improved ink I prefer to proceed substantially as follows:A German green soap is made by saponifying one part, by weight, ofpurified linseed-oil with -two parts, by weight, of liquid potassium,United States Pharmacopwim) the saponification being carried out in thepresence'of heat in a soap-kettle in the usual way. The same, orpractically the same, soap may, however, be made in any other suitableway. Care should be exercised in the manufacture of this soap to preventthe presencein the soap of any free alkali. I take about thirty'parts,by weight, of the soap thus obtained and mix it with forty parts, byweight, of glycerin or glucose, this mixture being secured in thepresence of heat, preferably that obtained by the injection of freesteam into the mixture, so that there will be no danger of thesoapbecoming melted. Under the efiect of the gentle heat produced by theinjection of free steam the soap will be entirely dissolved in theglycerin or glucose. With the heavy pasty solution thus obtained,preferably while hot, I mix or dissolve a sufficient quantity ofcoloring-matter or pigment and preferably a coloring-matte'r or pigmentwhich is soluble in water and oil, so that the resulting-ink will behomogeneous and will not be simply a mixture or aggregation ofingredients as is the case with most inks now on the market. Thequantity of coloring-matteror pigment used and the manner in which it isadded to the solution of soap and glycerin or glucose depend upon thecharacter of the pigment used and the intensity of the ultimate colorwhich is desired. As an example of ink which I have made, so-calledoil-colors, such asare made by Sainte Denis Chemical (30., of Paris,France, may be considered a good illustration, such colors being solublein water and oil. Taking, as an instance of a suitable oil-color whichmay be used, the so called oil violet, as

known to the trade, one part, by weight, of

that color may be dissolved in thirty-two parts, by weight,of the soapsolution. In adding such a coloring material or pigment to the solutionI first dissolve the color in a small quantity of the solution, and thenwater is then added to the mass as to result in the desired consistencythereof.

' When glucose or other similar saccharine or syrupy solution isemployed as a solvent for the soap, the resulting ink will be adaptedfor press-copying purposes; but when glyce erin is employed as a solventthe'resulting ink, while being considerably smoother in appearance, maynot be adapted for the making of press copies.

Instead of using glucose or glycerin as the solvent' for the soap anyother suitable soap solvent which will be neutral to the stencilplatemay be employed. I find my improved ink, in addition to possessing thecharacteristics to which I have referred, is not in any sense tacky, asis the case with printers ink, so that there is no tendency of the inkto injure or affect in any way the stencil-plate during the process ofprinting.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new,and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

1. An improved ink for use with waxed stencil-sheets, consisting of asoap neutral to the waxed sheet, an approximately equal or slightlygreater quantity of a solvent of said soap such as glycerin or glucose,and a suitable pigment,- substantially' as set forth.

2. An improved ink for use with Waxed stencil-sheets, consisting of asoap neutral to the waxed sheet, an approximately equal or slightlygreater quantity of a solvent of said soap such as glycerin or glucose,and a pigment dissolvable in the soap solution, substantially as setforth.

3. An improved ink for use with waxed stencil-sheets, consisting of asoap neutral to the wax coating, an approximately equal or slightlygreater quantity of glucose, and a suitable pigment, substantially asset forth.

4. An improved ink for use with waxed stencil-sheets, consisting ofGerman green ICC

